复杂山区铁路客运站自动选址研究

无备选站址条件下的客运站自动选址是线站协同优化的前提和基础,而不局限于车站选址的代价最小化,同时考虑连接车站间区间线路的代价具有重要意义。构建复杂山区铁路客运站自动选址模型,首先,建立综合地理信息模型,基于线站一体化的设计理念,实现单个车站选址,确定站心位置及站坪方向;其次,以公路线形优化模型的改进算法完成站—站间自动选线设计;最后,将车站选址代价与区间线路代价紧密结合起来,计算综合代价,实现站址方案的优选。以山区铁路为例对该方法进行验证,结果表明,该方法能高效生成山区铁路车站方案集,并辅助设计人员进行方案优化。     

The environmental sustainability of protected area tourism: towards a concession-related theory of regulation

Demand for Protected Area (PA) tourism continues to grow, raising concerns for its environmental sustainability. Numerous sustainable tourism guidelines and best practice examples exist for separate aspects of PA regulation and management. However, such efforts are insufficient to reliably and holistically understand how regulation can mediate the relationship between tourism development and PA environmental sustainability. This paper proposes a theory development project, to map the compatibility and interplays among various regulatory approaches, and their consequences for sustainable PA tourism. The project is initiated here by taking the first steps toward a concession-related theory of regulation. The focus on concessions has been chosen because concessions are the most under-researched aspects of PA tourism regulation. Four regulatory aspects are selected and conceptualized in this paper: the approaches to PA planning, the types of monitoring undertaken, the methods of concession allocation and the design of environmental requirements in concession contracts. Methodologically, grounded theory is used, with data collection relying on written sources. The paper develops two sets of narrative statements regarding the prospects for PA environmental sustainability, under particular examples of concession-related regulation. The conclusion articulates several research questions, as an immediate research agenda, and calls for an international research group to be formed.     

海关支持综合保税区高水平开放高质量发展研究——以江苏省综合保税区为例

2019年1月12日,国务院印发了《关于促进综合保税区高水平开放高质量发展的若干意见》(国发〔2019〕3号,以下简称《若干意见》),推出21项政策措施加快推进制度创新、促进综合保税区(以下简称“综保区”)升级发展。文件出台后,各地综保区围绕“五大中心”的建设目标,在海关及其他相关职能部门的支持下,加强政策宣传,推动改革创新,强化考核评价,努力推动各项政策落地。为了更好地推进综保区高水平开放高质量发展,课题组对江苏省综保区发展情况开展全方位调研,并且以江苏省综保区为例,对当前制约综保区发展的原因,特别是影响《若干意见》实施效果的原因进行了深入分析,按照制度型开放的要求,从管理机制、发展目标、监管模式等角度提出合理建议,探索新时期海关支持综保区高水平开放高质量发展的路径。     

亲子亲合对农村留守儿童孤独感的影响研究

根据亲子沟通频率(高-低)、亲子亲密度(强-弱)将亲子亲合分为积极型亲子亲合、消极型亲子亲合、默契型亲子亲合、放任型亲子亲合四种类型。通过采用西安交通大学课题组与西南财经大学课题组2017年在四川省金堂县联合开展的留守儿童调查数据,探讨亲子亲合对农村留守儿童孤独感的影响。调查发现,四川省金堂县农村留守儿童存在较高的孤独感问题,基于logit模型进行实证分析发现,不同亲子亲合类型对农村留守儿童孤独感的影响存在差异,积极型亲子亲合有利于缓解农村留守儿童孤独感,默契型亲子亲合对农村留守儿童孤独感的缓解作用不显著,放任型亲子亲合加剧农村留守儿童孤独感。提出鼓励多元主体参与构建农村留守儿童关爱服务体系,促进农村留守儿童的健康成长。     

A Livelihood and Farming System approach for effective conservation policies in Protected Areas of Developing Countries: The case study of the Niassa National Reserve in Mozambique

Effective conservation requires that conservation policies and management decisions first target local actors who are dependent on natural resource use in Protected Areas (PA) of Developing Countries (DC). In rural areas of DCs, these actors are mainly farmers who also rely on off-farm activities such as harvest of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) to complement their livelihoods. Here, we propose a novel approach to support the development of policy interventions aimed at achieving conservation goals through the sustainable development of local people in PAs of DCs. The approach consists in identifying the main Livelihood and Farming Systems (LFS) and select those that are more conservation-friendly, and that may contribute to solve conservation and development problems such as Human-wildlife conflict. Identifying the existing LFS can also help in searching for conservation-relevant improvements that can contribute to local people wellbeing, considering the existing FS as the starting point for a sustainable development strategy in PAs of DC. Data from the Niassa National Reserve (NNR), the largest PA in Mozambique, were used to develop this LFS approach. Measures of effort applied in harvesting NTFPs and in managing agricultural inputs and outputs were collected from 329 households through a structured survey. Cluster analysis was performed to identify and characterise the main LFS in the NNR. Based on the cluster results, we have identified four livelihood systems (LS): gatherers, hunters, farmers and employees; four farming systems (FS): specialized in maize, rice and sorghum, and a mixed FS. A Multinomial Logistic Model was also applied to understand the drivers of LFS choice. Livelihood systems were mainly driven by household-level socio-economic factors, while FS were driven by village-level biophysical conditions. Households who were employed and had diversified farming and off-farm activities were better off and more resilient to climate change and crop-raiding animals. Intensification appears to occur gradually but has found to be limited by rainfall availability. Based on our findings, we propose that conservation experts and policy-makers should use a LFS approach to re-frame the conservation narrative in PAs of DCs and promote the existing practices that can better protect biodiversity while improving livelihood and welfare of local people.     

国家级新区绿色增长能力建设影响因素分析

基于利益相关者理论，通过文献研究与实地调研，梳理了影响国家级新区绿色增长能力建设的主要因素，并应用Grey DEMATEL方法进行影响因素因果关系分析，在此基础上进一步剖析国家级新区绿色增长能力建设内在机理。研究结果表明：法律法规完善性是影响国家级新区绿色增长能力建设的根本性动力因素，同时，也是新区绿色增长能力建设内在机理的重要外在驱动力。此外，当地居民环境意识也是影响国家级新区绿色增长能力建设的重要结果性因素，而企业绿色管理实践、绿色技术进步与创新能力作为重要的关键性因素，对国家级新区绿色增长能力作用显著，是国家级新区绿色增长能力建设的重要内在驱动力。     

水资源会计制度在秦巴山区的实现研究

自然资产负债表是自然资源管理研究的一个新方向,水资源会计是自然资产负债表的一个重要范围,水资源会计是从资产负债表的角度来分析和统计水资源。研究对水资源会计在国内外研究发展进行了回顾,分析了在中国开展水资源会计理论与应用研究的必要性。研究进一步对水资源会计的理论构架从会计目标、会计主题和会计理论等进行了探讨,明确了水资源会计容易混淆的概念。结合秦巴山区的情况,提出在秦巴山区实现水资源会计的具体步骤。     

四川秦巴山区矿产资源绿色开发策略研究

四川秦巴山区矿产资源种类丰富,矿产资源的开发利用已成为经济发展的支柱产业之一,但矿业生产过程中产生了严重的矿山环境地质问题。在分析了研究区矿产资源现状的基础上,总结了四川秦巴山区油气开发和固体矿产开发中产生的环境问题,结合国内外矿产资源开发利用实例研究,提出了四川秦巴山区矿产资源的绿色循环开发策略与建议:完整的矿山环境法规是矿产资源绿色开发的根本保障;完善的规划和严格的环境评价是矿产资源可持续开发的第一要务;推进矿山相关科学技术创新是提高矿产开发利用率、矿山生态环境治理的唯一途径,最终使得四川秦巴山区矿业在促进经济腾飞的同时实现绿色可持续发展。     

四川秦巴山区信息化建设研究

受自然地理条件限制,四川秦巴山区信息化发展水平还处于初级阶段,同中国的大城市相比,存在着很大的差距,数字鸿沟突出,并呈现出日益拉大的趋势。在全球信息化的大环境下,加强信息化建设奠定了该地区绿色循环发展的基础,是实现传统产业转型升级的核心手段,是改善民生的必然要求。通过对四川秦巴山区信息化建设现状以及信息化发展存在问题的分析,提出了信息化建设要紧密结合现状,依托重点城镇逐步向山区延伸,达到片区全覆盖;以"互联网+"着手,以科技创新为支撑,从而实现该地区经济的循环跨越式发展。     

四川秦巴山区特色农产品加工产业集群发展建议

四川秦巴山区资源丰富,生态环境优越,特色农产品加工产业近几年得到了一定发展。简述了四川秦巴山区特色农产品加工的发展现状,分析了农产品加工品牌建设滞后、企业规模偏小、加工方式粗放、质量安全隐患高等问题,这些因素成为特色农产品加工产业集群发展的重要障碍。为此,提出了以集群模式来规划发展产业,增加产业的整体竞争力的战略思路,并从企业发展、人才培养、平台建设等方面提出相应的对策建议。